All Diseases A-Z

Rare adrenal insufficiency where adrenal glands produce insufficient hormones. Requires lifelong hormone replacement.

Leading cause of vision loss in people over 50. Wet AMD has treatments; dry AMD (90% of cases) has almost none.

Progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing memory loss, cognitive decline, and eventual loss of independence. The most common cause of dementia, affecting 55 million people worldwide.

Fatal motor neuron disease causing progressive paralysis. No cure exists. Average survival is 2-5 years from diagnosis.

Chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine, causing pain, stiffness, and eventual fusion of vertebrae.

Mycobacterial infection causing painless skin nodules that progress to large destructive ulcers. Third most common mycobacterial disease after TB and leprosy.

Autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten causing small intestine damage. Only treatment is lifelong gluten-free diet.

Parasitic infection causing heart failure and digestive complications. Endemic in Latin America. Existing treatments are toxic and poorly effective in chronic phase.

Rare aggressive cancer of the bile ducts. Often diagnosed at advanced stage. Five-year survival under 10%.

Debilitating headache disorder with 15+ episodes per month, causing significant disability and reduced quality of life.

Progressive lung disease causing breathing difficulty. Third leading cause of death worldwide. No cure, only management.

Primary immunodeficiency causing low antibody levels and recurrent infections. Requires lifelong immunoglobulin replacement.

Rapidly progressive and always fatal prion disease causing dementia, personality changes, and neurological decline.

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and malnutrition. No cure exists.

Condition caused by prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels, causing weight gain, muscle weakness, and metabolic complications.

Genetic disorder causing thick mucus buildup in lungs and digestive system. Life expectancy has improved but treatments cost $300K+/year.

Mosquito-borne viral infection causing fever, severe joint pain, and potentially fatal hemorrhagic fever. 390 million infections per year.

Fatal genetic muscle disorder affecting boys. Progressive weakness leads to loss of walking, breathing, and death typically by age 30.

Group of rare genetic skin disorders causing extremely fragile skin that blisters with minor friction. Severe forms are debilitating and often fatal.

Neurological disorder causing recurrent seizures. 30% of patients do not respond to existing medications.

Ultra-rare genetic disorder where muscles and connective tissue progressively turn to bone. No treatment or cure.

Genetic disorder causing fat buildup in organs. Enzyme replacement therapy exists but costs $200K-$400K per year.

Most aggressive brain cancer. Median survival 15 months. Standard of care has not changed significantly in 20 years.

Chronic viral liver infection affecting 300 million people. Can cause liver cancer and cirrhosis. Functional cure remains elusive.

Curable viral liver infection, but treatment costs $20,000-$90,000 per course. 58 million chronically infected globally, mostly in low-income countries.

Lifelong viral infection. HSV-1 affects 3.7 billion, HSV-2 affects 491 million. No cure, only suppressive therapy.

Viral infection destroying the immune system. ART controls but does not cure. 39 million living with HIV, 630,000 deaths/year.

Parasitic disease transmitted by tsetse fly. Fatal without treatment. Causes sleep disturbance, confusion, and progressive neurological decline.

Inherited neurodegenerative disorder causing uncontrolled movements, emotional problems, and loss of thinking ability.

Genetic heart condition where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick. Leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.

Progressive scarring of lung tissue with no known cause. Median survival 3-5 years. Existing drugs slow but do not stop progression.

Inflammatory disease affecting blood vessels in children. Leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries.

Chronic bacterial infection causing skin lesions, nerve damage, and progressive disability. Curable with multi-drug therapy but stigma prevents treatment.

Parasitic worm disease causing elephantiasis — extreme swelling of limbs and genitals. 120 million infected, 40 million disfigured.

Mosquito-borne parasitic disease killing 600,000+ people per year, mostly children under 5 in Africa.

Chronic debilitating condition causing severe fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and cognitive dysfunction. No approved treatments.

Aggressive cancer of the lining of lungs, caused by asbestos exposure. Median survival under 1 year. Very limited treatment options.

Autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the protective covering of nerves, causing communication problems between brain and body.

Progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement, blood pressure, and bladder function. No disease-modifying treatment exists.

Cancer developing from immature nerve cells, primarily in children under 5. High-risk forms have poor survival despite aggressive treatment.

Rapidly progressive gangrenous infection destroying facial tissue in malnourished children. 90% mortality without treatment. Survivors face severe disfigurement.

Fat buildup in liver not caused by alcohol. Can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. Affects 25% of the global population.

Parasitic worm infection causing severe itching, skin changes, and blindness. Second most common infectious cause of blindness.

Genetic disorder causing brittle bones that fracture easily. Ranges from mild to lethal forms. No cure.

Progressive bone loss leading to fractures. Affects 200 million people worldwide. Hip fractures have 20% mortality in the elderly.

One of the deadliest cancers with only 12% five-year survival. Often diagnosed late. Limited treatment options beyond surgery.

Progressive nervous system disorder affecting movement, causing tremors, stiffness, and slowness. Results from loss of dopamine-producing neurons.

Heart failure occurring in the last month of pregnancy or within 5 months after delivery. Disproportionately affects women in sub-Saharan Africa.

Inherited metabolic disorder where the body cannot break down phenylalanine. Untreated, causes intellectual disability.

Rare genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness. Enzyme replacement is available but costs $300K+/year and has limited effectiveness.

Psychiatric condition triggered by traumatic events. Causes flashbacks, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts.

Extremely rare genetic condition causing rapid aging in children. Average lifespan is 14 years. Only ~400 cases known worldwide.

Rare brain disorder causing problems with walking, balance, eye movements, and swallowing. Often misdiagnosed as Parkinson's.

Chronic autoimmune skin condition causing rapid buildup of skin cells, forming itchy, painful patches. Affects 125 million people.

High blood pressure in pulmonary arteries causing right heart failure. Progressive and often fatal. Treatments exist but are expensive.

100% fatal once symptomatic. Kills 59,000 people/year, mostly in Africa and Asia. Post-exposure prophylaxis exists but is inaccessible to many.

Inherited retinal dystrophy causing progressive vision loss and eventual blindness. No effective treatment for most genetic forms.

Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints. Can damage body systems including skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels.

Age-related progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Affects up to 30% of adults over 60 and 50% over 80.

Parasitic worm infection affecting 240 million people. Causes chronic organ damage to liver, intestines, lungs, and bladder. Children are most affected.

Chronic brain disorder causing delusions, hallucinations, and cognitive difficulties. Current medications have severe side effects.

Chronic autoimmune disease causing hardening and tightening of skin and connective tissue. Can affect internal organs.

Group of rare genetic disorders causing absent or dysfunctional T and B cells. Fatal without treatment. Known as "bubble boy disease".

Inherited blood disorder causing misshapen red blood cells, pain crises, organ damage, and shortened lifespan. Disproportionately affects people of African descent.

Genetic neuromuscular disorder causing muscle weakness and atrophy. Leading genetic cause of infant death. Gene therapy exists but costs $2.1M per dose.

Chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks multiple organs. Disproportionately affects women of colour.

Fatal genetic disorder causing progressive destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. No treatment or cure.

Bacterial eye infection and leading infectious cause of blindness. Preventable but persists in the poorest communities.

Major depressive disorder that does not respond to at least two adequate antidepressant trials. Affects 30% of depression patients.

Bacterial infection killing 1.5 million people per year. Drug-resistant TB is a growing crisis. The BCG vaccine is over 100 years old.

Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Requires lifelong insulin therapy. No cure. Insulin prices remain a global crisis.

Parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies causing fever, weight loss, spleen/liver enlargement. Fatal if untreated. Affects the poorest populations.